Wiretapping And The Fourth Amendment Rights Of Criminals

1928- Olmstead v.United States Supreme court rules federal investigators can wiretap into suspects phones legally, and use those conversations as evidence. Roy Olmstead, a suspected bootlegger, was bugged in the basement of his office, and also in the streets surrounding his home. He was later convicted based on that evidence. An appeal was raised on the grounds that the wiretapped data violated the defendant s Fourth and Fifth Amendment. It was decided that the wiretapped data did not violate the Fifth Amendment, because he was not forced to say anything incriminating, and did not violate the Fourth Amendment because wiretapping is not considered search and seizure (which would require a physical search of a person’s belongings or possessions.) This event is important because it decided that wiretapping was legal and did not infringe on the Fourth or Fifth Amendment rights of criminals, effectively allowing wiretapping to be used in investigation and trial as evidence. In addition, it defined your Fourth Amendment rights to only apply to physical materials or properties of yours, not conversations or other non tangible things, and said that since wiretapped individuals were not forced to discuss incriminating information, the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination did not apply. It set a major precedent that would stand for nearly forty years, when it was overturned in Katz v. United States. 1945- The predecessor to the NSA receives copies of everyShow MoreRelatedNsa Wiretapping And The Nsa1119 Words   |  5 PagesRecent controversy has exposed one of the most heated and long-standing debates about the National Security Agency’s (NSA) warrantless wiretapping. Although that beginning of the program conducted by the NSA is unknown, it is easily assumed that the NSA has been practicing such surveillance activities for a long time, or as long as national security has been threatened. Nevertheless, the program started well before the tragic events that unfolded on September 11, 2001, with the Bush administrationRead MoreInvestigating A Major Drug Trafficking Operation Within My Jurisdiction946 Words   |  4 Pagesrelated to some other criminal activity. Now the wiretap was done in order to get certain information on the drug dealing but there was other information obtain in the wiretapping about some other criminal acts which can fall under the forbidden fruit doct rine because I never entered the home and everything was heard. Therefore, this could be considered new found evidence that may led to an arrest in some more serious crimes from the person or persons. Yet, the Fourth Amendment does not allow or giveRead MorePrivacy vs. Security Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesinvention of the ever-wondrous telephone? And we can’t forget how innovative and life-changing computers have been. However, while all machines have their positive uses, there can also be many negatives depending on how one uses said machines, wiretapping in on phone conversations, using spyware to quietly survey every keystroke and click one makes, and many other methods of unwanted snooping have arisen. As a result, laws have been made to make sure these negative uses are not taken advantage ofRead MoreTechnological Surveillance Should Not Keep Up With The Swift Changes1143 Words   |  5 PagesTechnological surveillance is used in a wide field of areas from wiret apping, hacking, bugging, electronic tracking, video surveillance and so on, but, â€Å"when used by the government, technological surveillance creates a particularly dramatic threat to the privacy of individual citizens† (p. 354), although this is uncertain to the government if it is indeed goes against citizen’s privacy. Technology advances so quickly, that the law cannot keep up with the swift changes. The first issue involvingRead MoreInternet Security and an Invasion of Privacy1694 Words   |  7 PagesMonitoring: Violations of the Hacker’s Fundamental Right against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures The advent of technology marks the beginning of the digital era. It is an era which created a whole new world called the World Wide Web (WWW) whereas the people therein are called â€Å"netizens†. With the proliferation of the internet usage across the world, netizens are able to meet other netizens from the other side of the world, to share their thoughts, pictures, and videos, and to interact throughRead MoreDomestic Surveillance During The United States1474 Words   |  6 Pagesand analyze private information that has identified itself with the United States of America. With new found ways of viewing American citizens personal information the federal government had to learn how not to get caught. American citizens have right to their privacy and with all the new Domestic Surveillance programs many were warrantless. In 2002 Bush signed a presidential order allowing the National Security Agency to monitor without a warrant. This presidential order applied to internationalRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment And The Rights Of Search Warrants1195 Words   |  5 Pagesfor upholding or appealing, in what applies and does not apply, to the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment is within the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution. The Fourth Amendment, clearly states people have a right to be secure in their privacy, in their own persons, own homes, and their own papers and their personal effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. However, if there is probable cause of criminal or harmful intent being committed with a particular person or per sonsRead MoreThe USA PATRIOT Act of 2001: Need for National Security vs. Protection of Civil Liberties1247 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsibility first and foremost to protect its citizens from enemies foreign and domestic. However, for every proponent there is an equally passionate opponent who partially believe not only does the Act impede on civil liberties and individual rights but was an opportunistic ploy to grant excess power to the government in the wake of September 11th empathy. USA PATRIOT is what is referred to as a â€Å"backronym†, or a title from which is construed from a pre-existing word. The phrase itself standsRead MoreThe Government is Wiretapping You1498 Words   |  6 Pagesknown use of wiretap was in 1948. It’s no secret that the government watches individuals on a daily bases. According to the constitution, the Fourth Amendment serves to protect the people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. Unreasonable is the word that tips the balance On one side is the intrusion on individuals’ Fourth Amendment rights and the other side is legitimate government interests, such as public safety. What we consider reasonable by law, the government might notRead MoreDue Process vs. Crime Control Essay662 Words   |  3 PagesThe criminal justice system in the United States has traditionally operated under two fundamentally different theories. One theory is the Crime Control Model. This theory is characterized by the idea that criminals should be aggressively pursued and crimes aggressively punished. The other theory is the Due Process Model. This theory is characterized by the idea that the rights of the accused need to be carefully protected in any criminal justice investigation. (Levy, 1999) The Due Process

Understanding Plagiarism Free Essays

This video covered the many ways in which students can plagiarize and go against academic rules. There are two different types of plagiarism which are intentional and unintentional plagiarism. Intentional plagiarism is when the person decides to purposely use another person’s idea or words without correctly citing them. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Plagiarism or any similar topic only for you Order Now This includes having another person write a paper and having the person who is plagiarizing take the credit for the piece of writing or even stealing or buying an essay that has already been written by someone else and using it as their own. Intentional plagiarism can be directly using words by pasting or copying from another person’s work or slightly switching words to get the same idea and even using a paper that was written for another class and turning it in for another class. Unintentional plagiarism is different from intentional plagiarism where the student does not have enough knowledge about how to properly cite from their research and uses sources that are not correctly or cited at all. Students who unintentionally plagiarize do not have the fundamental skills of paraphrasing and citing, and therefore do not typically know they are cheating. Students also may have poor research skills and take notes that uses the same words and ideas and combine them into their writing and cheat unintentionally. This video was a good source that helped to remind me about the ways I could intentionally or unintentionally plagiarize and what steps I could take to avoid it. I now know that I should verify that my basic writing skills are up to date, that I am using websites and articles that are trustworthy so I can cite my work correctly, and that I know the different writing formats so that I can write properly for my instructors desired format. Not only did this video help review the basic knowledge I have about plagiarism but I also learned that plagiarism includes using work you have already written for another class for a different one which is something I should have already known. This video was helpful for refreshing and learning different aspects on plagiarism and how to avoid it. How to cite Understanding Plagiarism, Papers

During the 1940s, American society became increasingly consumerist and more competitive than ever before Essay Example For Students

During the 1940s, American society became increasingly consumerist and more competitive than ever before Essay During the 1940s, American society became increasingly consumerist and more competitive than ever before. Arthur Millers play Death of a Salesman questions the values upon which this society is based and the way in which these contribute to the destruction of a man such as Willy Loman. He is very critical of a society which he seems to see as being destructive in many ways. The idea of the American Dream made people believe that any man living in America could, with personality and dedication, become very successful. Miller has launched a somewhat scathing attack on the very notion of this dream. He highlights the many flaws within it; how such an idea can mislead good men like Willy, who devotes his entire life to being successful. The emphasis on being an owner of goods, the competitive nature of society, the callousness of the business world, the American Dream and the way in which success is measured are all criticised in Death of a Salesman. Miller criticises the general way of the business world. Howard, the young boss of Willys company, represents the ruthless and impersonal nature of capitalistic enterprise. When Willy goes to ask Howard if he can be transferred to a job in New York, Howard refuses to help him even though Willy has been working for the company for a long time and was good friends with his father. When Willy asks why he cannot be reassigned, Howard replies, its a business, kid, and everybodys gotta pull his own weight, thus demonstrating Howards cold indifference to Willys situation. Willy failed to live the American Dream; he worked all his life and was then spat mercilessly out, spent like a piece of fruit. Willy remembers the comradeship and gratitude that used to exist in the business world, but sees that it is no longer like that, everything is now cut and dried, with no chance for bringing friendship to bear. As Linda says, Willy works hard for a company for thirty-six yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and now in his old age they take his salary away she is appalled by such ungrateful treatment. We are shown how harsh the business world is- there is no place for sympathy. Miller also shows that society in general had become far too competitive. Willy feels he has to compete with others by buying new goods, even when he cannot really afford them. This competitive spirit manages to seep into the personal lives of some characters. An example of this is when Happy admits to having an affair with a colleagues fianceÃÆ' © and the only explanation he has for his behaviour is his over-developed sense of competition. Biff sees that they are pressured to always get ahead of the next fella, and Willy believes that the maddening competition is whats ruining this country. Miller presents his criticisms on stage well- the stage directions at the beginning of the play emphasise the competition which Willy faces. His small house is frail and surrounded, boxed in by a solid vault of apartments which tower menacingly over his from all sides. The competition is presented as fierce from the very start- the buildings around the Lomans house are described as angular shapes which would look particularly threatening on stage and the lighting, an angry glow of orange creates the same impression of an impending threat. The social aspects of American society are also criticised by Miller- mainly the fact that success is only measured in material terms. A man is not valued for what he is, but what he owns. Biff seems to reject this materialistic sense of success. He has been living on a cattle ranch, enjoying a leisurely life but even so, the sub-conscious drive to become something bigger and better than most men has brought him home, another example of the competitive spirit. We are shown this when he says, When spring comes out West I suddenly get the feeling, my God, Im not getting anywhereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I oughta be makin my future. Although he enjoyed working on the ranch enormously, he still doesnt feel he has succeeded. .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 , .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 .postImageUrl , .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 , .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794:hover , .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794:visited , .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794:active { border:0!important; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794:active , .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794 .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u83c6f899c9fa9b1a108bd214d74e6794:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Freud And Dreams Essay PaperThe conflict between what Biff really enjoys and this vision of success remains a struggle for him until the end of the play. Biff and Happy have always been shown that a business career is the only way to achieve success, yet Happy has taken this course and it is made obvious that he his neither happy or successful. Biff asks him Youre a success, arent you? Are you content? and poor Happy replies, Hell no! He has what he has always wanted, and society would probably see him as successful. He owns an apartment and a car but still he tells Biff he is a lonely man. By this Miller shows that Willys idea of success, similar to the life Happy leads, is really not at all valid. In addition, the consumer way of life is also criticised. Miller seems to object to such great importance being placed on mere goods. This is evident in a flashback to a conversation with Linds concerning the fridge. Willy buys new goods, and when they break down and he has to pay more money to repair them. The washing machine breaking down represents Willys mind, which is doing the same thing. We are shown his insanity by the appearances of Uncle Ben, a figure of Willys imagination. We are told that the washing machine is not a well known brand, and Willy is not a well known man only his family, Bernard and Charley attend his funeral. Miller shows us that the American Dream and the way of American society is or can be very destructive. Willys pursuit of success has not only affected his sense of his own worth but has dominated or even ruined the lives of his wife Linda and his sons Biff and Happy. Willy was trying to live up to what society was expecting of him and this is what destroyed him. Miller shows how destructive the dream is by the gradual breakdown of Willys mind. The flashbacks and lapses of time are perhaps confusing. I think that it is intended to be this way- it puts you in the mind of Willy Loman, where things are confused and it is difficult to distinguish past from present and reality from fantasy. His insanity is also shown by him continuously contradicting himself, for instance he calls Biff a lazy bum and then soon after he tells Linda that Biff is hardworking, and that theres one thing about Biff- hes not lazy, highlighting his confusion. In conclusion, Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is a damning criticism of American society in the 1940s. Willy Loman is a man whose dreams and expectations are shattered by the false values of the society he put his faith in. . At the end of the play, Willys suicide demonstrates the enormous strength of the dream- he even gives up his life for the twenty thousand dollar proposition in order for Biff to be successful.